{"id":4029,"date":"2019-05-24T18:53:08","date_gmt":"2019-05-24T18:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lpfch.org\/prenatal-testing-making-breakthroughs\/"},"modified":"2024-02-14T14:08:01","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T14:08:01","slug":"prenatal-testing-making-breakthroughs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lpfch.org\/es\/impact-stories\/prenatal-testing-making-breakthroughs\/","title":{"rendered":"Pruebas prenatales: avances"},"content":{"rendered":"

Los m\u00e9dicos pronto podr\u00e1n predecir la prematuridad con un simple an\u00e1lisis de sangre.<\/h3>\n

Cuando su esposa estaba embarazada de su primer hijo, el f\u00edsico Stephen Quake, doctor, tuvo una experiencia inquietante que cambiar\u00eda el rumbo de su trabajo. Su esposa se estaba sometiendo a una amniocentesis, en la que el m\u00e9dico le insert\u00f3 una aguja en el abdomen para obtener l\u00edquido e identificar posibles anomal\u00edas gen\u00e9ticas como el s\u00edndrome de Down. La prueba puede poner en riesgo tanto la vida de la madre como la del beb\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201cFue el tipo de experiencia que nos sacudi\u00f3 un poco, como le sucede a mucha gente\u201d, dice Quake, el Profesor Lee Otterson de Bioingenier\u00eda y F\u00edsica Aplicada<\/em>\u201cAs\u00ed empec\u00e9 a comprender que hab\u00eda problemas importantes en la salud prenatal que deb\u00edan resolverse\u201d.<\/p>\n

El tema le preocupaba cuando lleg\u00f3 a Stanford en 2005. Le intrigaba una antigua observaci\u00f3n: el ADN libre de un feto puede encontrarse en el torrente sangu\u00edneo de la madre. Se preguntaba si este fen\u00f3meno podr\u00eda aplicarse en una prueba cl\u00ednica. Casualmente, el Dr. Yair Blumenfeld, entonces becario de medicina materno-fetal en Stanford, estaba interesado en la misma pregunta.<\/p>\n

Blumenfeld ayud\u00f3 a reclutar a un grupo de mujeres embarazadas del Packard Children's Hospital que aceptaron donar sangre para el estudio. Mediante m\u00e9todos avanzados de secuenciaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica desarrollados en el laboratorio de Quake, los investigadores detectaron con precisi\u00f3n nueve casos de s\u00edndrome de Down entre las mujeres en la semana 14 de embarazo.<\/p>\n

Los resultados se publicaron en 2008, abriendo las puertas a una nueva prueba de sangre no invasiva, que ya utilizan millones de embarazadas en todo el mundo. Pr\u00e1cticamente ha reemplazado a la amniocentesis, afirma el Dr. David Stevenson. Profesor de Pediatr\u00eda Harold K. Faber<\/em>, decano asociado senior de salud materna e infantil y profesor, por cortes\u00eda, de obstetricia y ginecolog\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\u201cHa transformado por completo la forma en que los obstetras ejercen en este pa\u00eds y en todo el mundo\u201d, afirma Stevenson. \u201cY todo empez\u00f3 aqu\u00ed, en Stanford\u201d.<\/p>\n

Una nueva forma de predecir la prematuridad<\/h3>\n

Quake comenz\u00f3 a colaborar con Stevenson en otro problema insoluble del embarazo: la prematuridad, la principal causa de muerte en ni\u00f1os menores de 5 a\u00f1os a nivel mundial. La propia hija de Quake naci\u00f3 un mes prematura, una beb\u00e9 fr\u00e1gil en el percentil 5 de peso. Aunque ahora es una joven de 17 a\u00f1os llena de energ\u00eda, \u00e9l sab\u00eda que deb\u00eda haber una manera de predecir qu\u00e9 madres podr\u00edan dar a luz prematuramente y prevenir muertes y complicaciones infantiles innecesarias.<\/p>\n

Afortunadamente, uno de sus colegas de Stanford, el profesor visitante Dr. Mads Melbye, hab\u00eda reunido a un grupo de 31 mujeres danesas embarazadas dispuestas a someterse a an\u00e1lisis de sangre cada semana. Con estas muestras, los investigadores pudieron monitorizar el ARN en la sangre de las mujeres, espiando los mensajes moleculares generados durante el embarazo por la madre, el beb\u00e9 y la placenta.<\/p>\n

\u201cPudimos observar todo el programa de desarrollo humano\u201d, dice Quake. \u201cFue incre\u00edble\u201d.<\/p>\n

A partir de estos datos, identificaron nueve genes producidos por la placenta que pueden predecir la edad del feto en el tercer trimestre. Estas estimaciones fueron comparables a las basadas en la ecograf\u00eda; sin embargo, la nueva tecnolog\u00eda presenta varias ventajas, afirma Quake.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa ecograf\u00eda solo funciona en las primeras etapas del embarazo\u201d, afirma. \u201cSi se pierde ese periodo, no quedan muchas opciones. Ahora podemos ofrecer otra opci\u00f3n, y podemos hacerlo de una manera que creemos que ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mica y f\u00e1cil de usar en los pa\u00edses en desarrollo, ya que no requiere equipos costosos\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00c9l y sus colaboradores tambi\u00e9n trabajaron con dos grupos de mujeres embarazadas de la Universidad de Pensilvania y la Universidad de Alabama, quienes presentaban riesgo de parto prematuro debido a sus antecedentes. Los investigadores analizaron la sangre de las mujeres dos veces e identificaron siete genes de la madre y la placenta que podr\u00edan predecir qu\u00e9 embarazos ten\u00edan mayor probabilidad de terminar prematuramente.<\/p>\n

Los resultados, publicados en 2018, podr\u00edan dar lugar a la primera prueba de prematuridad. Dar\u00eda a las mujeres la oportunidad de prepararse, por ejemplo, recibiendo atenci\u00f3n de un obstetra de alto riesgo y estando cerca de un hospital cuando llegue el momento del parto, afirma Quake.<\/p>\n

\u00c9l, Melbye y el Dr. Michael Snyder, presidente de Gen\u00e9tica de Stanford, han creado una startup que planea un ensayo cl\u00ednico a gran escala de la prueba de prematuridad, que podr\u00eda comercializarse en dos o tres a\u00f1os. Snyder afirma que la colaboraci\u00f3n fue clave para el \u00e9xito del proyecto de siete a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

\u201cNadie podr\u00eda haberlo hecho solo, y trabajando juntos pudimos lograr algo importante\u201d, dice Quake.<\/p>\n

Vea la conferencia magistral de Stephen Quake en la conferencia Childx: supportLPCH.org\/Terremoto<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Gran parte de la financiaci\u00f3n para este trabajo provino de la filantrop\u00eda, incluido el Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Prematuridad de March of Dimes en Stanford; la Fundaci\u00f3n Bill y Melinda Gates; y el Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, del cual Quake es copresidente.<\/em><\/p>\n

Este art\u00edculo apareci\u00f3 originalmente en la edici\u00f3n de primavera de 2019 de Noticias infantiles de Packard<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pronto, los m\u00e9dicos podr\u00e1n predecir la prematuridad con un simple an\u00e1lisis de sangre. Cuando su esposa estaba embarazada de su primer hijo, el f\u00edsico Stephen Quake\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"class_list":["post-4029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-the-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPrenatal Testing: Making Breakthroughs - Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/lpfch.org\/es\/impact-stories\/prenatal-testing-making-breakthroughs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prenatal Testing: Making Breakthroughs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Doctors will soon be able to predict prematurity with a simple blood test. 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