{"id":3882,"date":"2017-05-03T20:20:38","date_gmt":"2017-05-03T20:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lpfch.org\/bubble-boy-2-0\/"},"modified":"2024-02-14T14:07:37","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T14:07:37","slug":"bubble-boy-2-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lpfch.org\/hy\/impact-stories\/bubble-boy-2-0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0532\u0561\u0562\u056c \u0532\u0578\u0575 2.0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Maria Grazia Roncarolo, MD, has already cured &ldquo;Bubble      Boy&rdquo; disease. What incurable disease will she cure      next?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fixing a single gene gave a child back the      immune system he&rsquo;d lacked at birth, allowing him to function normally in a dirty      world within a year of treatment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>That mission accomplished, Maria      Grazia Roncarolo, MD, left Italy&rsquo;s top medical research job and came to Stanford      University in 2014. Here she&rsquo;s leading efforts to fast-track stem cell and gene      therapy out of the laboratory and into clinical trials. This year, she launched      Stanford&rsquo;s ambitious new Center for Definitive and Curative      Medicine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In this Q&amp;A, Roncarolo, professor of pediatrics      and of medicine, talks about her Center&rsquo;s urgent near-term goal: to fully cure      another 50 diseases ASAP, beginning with sickle cell      anemia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Philanthropists, start your      engines. It won&rsquo;t be      cheap.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Why did you go into      medicine in the first place?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>My husband always says,      &ldquo;Maria Grazia went around the world to pursue her dream, which was to cure patients      with incurable diseases. And in the journey she encountered her husband and produced two      beautiful children.&rdquo; That&rsquo;s how he always introduces me. And      it&rsquo;s true!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[She laughs, then turns      serious.]&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>From when I was a medical student, I was exposed to the      situation where many of these children, we just had to say to the parents, &ldquo;Sorry.      We cannot do anything for your child.&rdquo; And that was incredibly      frustrating.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It was in my mind when I was even a teenager: to      really make a difference for people who are sick. And the idea was always for      children.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Were you &ldquo;destined&rdquo;      for a medical career?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>I come from a family of business      people. My father had a completely different agenda for me. He expected me to head the      research depart&not;ment at the family-owned company [industrial paints for cars].      Unfortunately the problem was solved because he passed away when I was in my last year of high      school.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>My mother and my elder sister who took over the company      said, &ldquo;The worst thing you can do to yourself is to go into a job where you      don&rsquo;t have the passion.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So they gave me a      green light. Especially my elder sister, who&rsquo;d just gotten her MBA. I am the only      one in my family who&rsquo;s in the medical field. And this was something unexpected for      my family.<\/p>\n<p>In March 2017, news from Paris reported the first patient cured      of sickle cell anemia through an experimental gene therapy, in which bone marrow stem cells      were extracted from the boy, altered so that they would make normal hemoglobin, and then put      back into the boy&rsquo;s body. Was that the same technique you pioneered in      Italy?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It&rsquo;s a similar      approach.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But I can tell you that what we&rsquo;re doing here      now at Stanford is much more advanced.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Don&rsquo;t get me      wrong: the old approach works! But it needs to be rendered more precise to be broadly useful.      The major problem with the old approach? We never know where this healthy gene lands in the      genome of the cells.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It&rsquo;s like, you have a genetic      dictionary with many words. And there is one word that is misspelled and you put the correct      word back in randomly all over the dictionary, without alphabetical order. That&rsquo;s      the best example I can give.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So what Dr. Matt Porteus does here at      Stanford with genome editing is very different. Because what we do is remove the misspelled      word from the dictionary and replace it with the correct gene, the correct word, exactly in      the same position as it should be.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 2018, there      will start to be clinical trials?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>Correct. You know,      severe combined immunodeficiency, what we call &ldquo;bubble boy&rdquo; disease, is      very rare. But sickle cell anemia is a nasty disease that affects millions of people      worldwide, including certain populations of people [in India and Africa] who do not have      access to medical services. This could make a big      difference.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Currently, sickle cell can be treated with stem cell      transplantation, but this therapy comes at a high cost for the patient&rsquo;s quality of      life. For at least six months, he needs to be protected. He cannot go to school. He cannot      play with other children. He cannot live in a normal household. And it comes with a risk of      mortality.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If we can come in with an approach that is curative,      without the toxicity and risk of the stem cell transplantation that we do today, it would be a      major benefit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The precision medicine approach here at Stanford is      really the future of gene therapy. We are working very, very intensively to bring sickle cell      treatment to the clinical stage next year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>During the clinical      stage, a potential cure is tested on humans to prove its worth and uncover any side effects.      Clinical trials are a prerequisite for approval by federal      regulators.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Where are we going to be in five      years?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>The potential at Stanford is unique. And when I say      unique, I mean unique in the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because when you look at the      incredible science that is done in this building [the Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research      Building], and not only in this building, but throughout the School of Medicine and in other      schools, it&rsquo;s unique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Yet when you look at how much of      this science is translated into novel therapies for children, it&rsquo;s not      proportional.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So I felt that if I could really close this      gap&mdash;what scientists call the Valley of Death, between the fundamental discovery and      the cure&mdash;we could make a difference for many children with incurable      diseases.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We have in the pipeline about 15 clinical trials that we      can start in the next three to five years in cancer, genetic diseases of the blood and immune      system, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes or chronic inflammatory diseases, skin defects      such as epidermolysis bullosa, and metabolic diseases. Each of these clinical trials would      cost at least $10 million to show safety and efficacy&mdash;to close the Valley of      Death.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What&rsquo;s your      dream?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>To cure what is curable, and to make curable what      is not.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You know, if we think to the future and we dream a little      bit, I always say the ideal situation is to perform a newborn screening for a genetic disease,      and then to cure it in the newborn. And if you want to go one step further, maybe 10 or 15      years from now, we will diagnose and repair the defect in      utero.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, you want to have a patient that never becomes a      patient.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In 2017, the MIT Technology Review featured Dr. Maria      Grazia Roncarolo&rsquo;s work in its annual review of &ldquo;breakthrough      technologies.&rdquo; In an article titled Gene Therapy 2.0, the review wrote:      &ldquo;Scientists have solved fundamental problems that were holding back cures for rare      hereditary disorders. Next we&rsquo;ll see if the same approach can take on cancer, heart      disease, and other common illnesses.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>We      have to ask: Do you have hobbies?&nbsp;<\/strong><br \/>OK, now I go full      disclosure: my job is my passion. And I think that I&rsquo;ve been incredibly      lucky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>My children know about my job. They know about the science      and the patients I treated. They were engaged in that all the      way.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>My husband is also a scientist. He understands what it takes.      And he could tolerate a wife who was always very busy. And when she was not busy, she was      exhausted. [Laughs again.]&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I&rsquo;m a woman. I have two      children; a husband who has been with me 30 years. And a job that is a passion. There was no      space for anything else.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>People say to me, &ldquo;Oh, this was      a big sacrifice for you.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Not really. It was not a      sacrifice. It was a choice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I lived in the Bay Area from      &rsquo;89 to &rsquo;97. That is not a short period of      time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>People say to me, &ldquo;Oh, you went to      Yosemite.&rdquo; I say, &ldquo;No, we      didn&rsquo;t.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Oh, you went to Big      Sur.&rdquo; I say, &ldquo;No, we      didn&rsquo;t.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Oh, you went to Las      Vegas.&rdquo; &ldquo;No, we      didn&rsquo;t.&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>They would go on and on and on.      &ldquo;You went to Cabo San Lucas.&rdquo; &ldquo;No, we      didn&rsquo;t.&rdquo;&nbsp;<br \/>&ldquo;What did you      do?&rdquo;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I worked. And I produced two children.      [Laughing.]&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>My sister says, &ldquo;Maria Grazia, how do you      live?&rdquo; I live as I choose to live. I have two beautiful children who are amazingly      balanced despite this mom who was always busy, busy, busy. And I have the incredible luck to      have a job that is a passion.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article first appeared in the      Spring 2017 issue of <a href=\"http:\/\/supportlpch.org\/publications\/childrens-news\">Lucile      Packard Children&#39;s News<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>SCIENCE      FICTION? Explore the potential of stem cell and gene therapy at <a      href=\"http:\/\/supportLPCH.org\/cdcm\">supportLPCH.org\/cdcm<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0544\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0561 \u0533\u0580\u0561\u0581\u056b\u0561 \u054c\u0578\u0576\u056f\u0561\u0580\u0578\u056c\u0578\u0576, \u0562\u056a\u0577\u056f\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0563\u056b\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u056b \u0564\u0578\u056f\u057f\u0578\u0580, \u0561\u0580\u0564\u0565\u0576 \u0562\u0578\u0582\u056a\u0565\u056c \u0567 \u00ab\u0553\u0578\u0582\u0579\u056b\u056f\u0561\u057e\u0578\u0580 \u057f\u0572\u0561\u00bb \u0570\u056b\u057e\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0568: \u053b\u055e\u0576\u0579 \u0561\u0576\u0562\u0578\u0582\u056a\u0565\u056c\u056b \u0570\u056b\u057e\u0561\u0576\u0564\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u0567 \u0576\u0561 \u0562\u0578\u0582\u056a\u0565\u056c\u0578\u0582 \u0570\u0561\u057b\u0578\u0580\u0564\u0568: \u0544\u0565\u056f \u0563\u0565\u0576\u056b \u0577\u057f\u056f\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0568 \u057e\u0565\u0580\u0561\u0564\u0561\u0580\u0571\u0580\u0565\u0581 \u0565\u0580\u0565\u056d\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"class_list":["post-3882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-the-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bubble Boy 2.0 - Lucile Packard Foundation for Children&#039;s Health<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/lpfch.org\/hy\/impact-stories\/bubble-boy-2-0\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bubble Boy 2.0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Maria Grazia Roncarolo, MD, has already cured &ldquo;Bubble Boy&rdquo; disease. 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