\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng in 3D mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u2014m\u1ed9t trong hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014v\u00e0 n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y, Skylar-Scott v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 y h\u1ecdc mang t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nghe gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng: in sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tim c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Stanford, Skylar-Scott \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sheffield, n\u01a1i cha anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201cH\u1ed3i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean,\u201d anh n\u00f3i, \u201ct\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc\u2014nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1 voi xanh? C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, Skylar-Scott \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, anh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, Skylar-Scott tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i MIT \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, n\u01a1i anh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in laser \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y h\u1ecdc, Skylar-Scott ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u00e0y - v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ba chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 oxy - gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i Harvard, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng in sinh h\u1ecdc 3D \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0y m\u1ed9t cm, v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecb t\u1eadt tim b\u1ea9m sinh (CHD) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecb t\u1eadt b\u1ea9m sinh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ee9 10 tr\u1ebb sinh ra m\u1eafc CHD th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn 18 tu\u1ed5i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Skylar-Scott n\u00f3i: "T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in sinh h\u1ecdc 3D l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tim m\u1ea1ch."<\/p>\n
\u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Frank Hanley, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt Tim Nhi t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Tim m\u1ea1ch Tr\u1ebb em Betty Irene Moore v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lawrence Crowley, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Y khoa, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 T\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Tr\u1ebb em, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh tim \u1edf tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c in sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00f4 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i tim b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. V\u00e0 in 3D l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u00f4 tim s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Skylar-Scott \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp nh\u00f3m BASE (Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) \u0111a ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Stanford g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o: ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh tim b\u1ea9m sinh.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Marlene Rabinovitch, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c BASE v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen, tin h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u201d. Dwight v\u00e0 Vera Dunlevie Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Tim m\u1ea1ch Nhi khoa<\/em>.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Skylar-Scott l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh mang l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i l\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh cho nh\u1eefng em b\u00e9 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. V\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi con trai m\u00ecnh ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i, anh c\u00e0ng th\u00eam tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n \u201cKhi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tim m\u1ea1ch, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d<\/p>\n